Historical, Cultural and Physiological Approaches to Massage
By Suzanne Cunningham
The history of massage goes back thousands of years. According to Beck (1999), there are records in the British Museum that show the Chinese practiced massage as early as 3000 B.C. Massage has had an interesting past and survived the rise and fall of many civilisations across many cultures. This essay will attempt to encompass just some of the cultural and spiritual diversities, the historical personalities that were influential in its development, along with some more recent events which have shaped the modern day approach to massage.
As mentioned, the Chinese are one of the oldest cultures to have recognised the value of massage and continued to use it throughout the centuries. Over time two very different traditional approaches to massage developed which have been simplistically described as Eastern and Western methods. In his Elluminate session, McQuillan (2009) advises that traditionally the Eastern method has included the physical approach and the concept of the energetic pathways which run within the body. It is a very spiritual and holistic approach to massage, where the body is addressed as a whole to include the spiritual, emotional, psychological and physical aspect of an individual. He goes on to say that it includes the rubbing and pressing of points that relate to the energy flow in different areas of the body. It is a very hands-on technique, usually without the use of lubricants and more about compression and stretching. In comparison, the Western method has been around since at least 460 B.C., and although it has come from the traditional Eastern techniques, it has evolved on a more physiological and scientific pathway. This method typically focuses only on the tissues of the body rather than including holistic balance in the equation.
The development of the Western tradition as we know it today has had many interesting historical milestones, each one spearheaded by a medical leader of their time. The most notable is Hippocrates (460-377 BC) – often referred to as the “Father of Medicine” (Beck, 1999, p. 7). Hippocrates was a Greek physician and according to Wikipedia (2009) he is recognised as being the first doctor to openly disagree with the belief that illness was a punishment from the Gods and declare that it was due to the persons environment, diet and living habits. Unfortunately, due to a taboo on the dissection of humans, much of his anatomy and physiology was incorrect but “…he was the first physician in Greek medicine to specifically describe the medical benefits of anointing and massage…” (Fritz, 2009, p. 14). He identified that massage could have a variety of effects depending on the strokes used. The most widely recognised translated quote is in regards to the ability of stimulating strokes to “…bind a joint that is too loose…” (McQuillan, 2009), and for relaxation type strokes to have the opposite effect. Many of Hippocrates theories and techniques remained almost unchanged until the Middle Ages, and many similar methods are still used today (Fritz).
The next major change on the evolution of massage was brought about by another Greek physician, Galen (130-201 AD). As he was able to perform human dissection, Galen was a leader in the development of anatomy and physiology and was able to use the work of Hippocrates and expand on it. Beck (1999) advises that Galen wrote many books in regards to his findings which were used for over a thousand years and that “His books on hygienic health, exercise and massage stressed the importance of massage and passive and active exercises for various physical disorders” (Beck, p. 8). Unfortunately after this time, medical, and therefore massage, advancement was limited by the unrest of the Dark Ages until the Renaissance (1450-1600). Massage was brought out from what Fritz (2009) refers to as “folk culture” (p. 14) and began to be recognised again for its medical value.
Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839) of Sweden continued the anatomical and physiological evolution of Western style massage. He “used physiological principles to explain the use of exercise and massage” (McQuillan, 2009), and this was so successful that he opened a school and treatment programme which incorporated his specialised active movements, passive movements, duplicated movements and massage with the focus of treatment of disease and injury. Salvo (2007) explains that Ling had many medical physicians attend his school and they were convinced of the value massage and exercise added to the practice of medicine. This system went on to become well known as the Ling System, or Swedish Movements. Unfortunately, due to his lack of medical training, there were some unwilling to embrace Ling’s teachings.
In more “recent” times, there have been some notable advancements in the understanding and acceptance of massage due to the passion of a range of people. Johann Mezger (1817-1893) was a Dutch physician who by being a doctor was able to have more of an influence on the medical and scientific acceptance of massage than Ling. In addition, “He has also been credited with the introduction of the still-used French terminology to the massage profession (e.g., effleurage, petrissage, tapotement)” (Salvo, 2007, p. 8)). Salvo also mentions the American, John Kellogg (1852-1943), who through his books and articles that were made available to the general public, he was able to increase the popularity of massage in the United States.
As more anatomical and physiological knowledge became available, different massage tools evolved that are still used today. Lymphatic drainage was developed by Austrian, Dr Emil Vodder, while American, Dr Janet Travell, pioneered work in myofascial pain, leading on to trigger points. Beck (1999) tells us about Dr James Cyriax, “…an English orthopaedic surgeon who is credited with popularising Deep Transverse Friction Massage.” He also is credited with developing the Range Of Movement assessment to identify where there are areas that are not working properly. All of these were major breakthroughs of their time and have become invaluable tools for healing and maintaining physical health.
Each culture has their own methods when approaching massage, this includes the New Zealand Maori. The methods of Miri Miri and Romi Romi have deep connections to the Eastern and Polynesian methods. Miri Miri is more holistic than the Western physiological approach, connecting physical health with spiritual, family and mental health, aiming for a balance of all for optimum well being. McQuillan (2009) tells us that this is a similar concept to our Western version of relaxation and energy work, but it adds spiritual healing and family connections. He goes on to say that Romi Romi is the same as Western deep tissue bodywork, using a range of tools such as elbows, hands, knees, feet, special sticks, stones and seawater.
Like any industry, there are always the few who ruin it for the majority. One of the big scandals occurred in England during the late 1800’s. Fritz (2009) tells us that “in a very real sense, massage was the victim of its own success” (p. 16), and the scandal that erupted “…eroded the publics and the medical professions confidence in massage as a legitimate medical art” (p. 16). Simply put, as massage became increasingly popular, there were many who tried to make a profit by providing inadequate training at an exorbitant cost, therefore flooding the market with poorly skilled therapists who were carrying a huge personal debt. This resulted in many turning to prostitution, under the banner of massage. Some businesses also made outrageous claims regarding the benefits of massage which, when not substantiated, further reduced the good-will of the public and the medical professions. Faith began to be restored when societies and associations began to form which set boundaries which included prerequisites for study, and the passing of written and clinical exams after being taught by trained teachers in approved schools that were regularly inspected (McQuillan, 2009).
The evolution of societies and associations was mirrored in the evolution of massage in New Zealand at the turn of the 20th Century. According to class notes from McQuillan (2009), there were over 300 massage therapists in the 1900’s and massage was taught at the University of Otago and Dunedin Hospital from 1913-1946. In 1947 this changed to become the School of Physiotherapy and massage became regulated under the Physiotherapy Act in 1949. Over time, physiotherapists moved away from massage, presumably due to the increased conservatism of the 1950’s and the ongoing scandals regarding prostitution. Also, massage was a reasonably time consuming technique and physiotherapy was moving towards a more hands-off, quick turnover approach. During this time it was illegal to practice massage if you were not a physiotherapist, which was considered ridiculous considering the way physiotherapy had evolved. The Massage Parlours Act of 1978 enabled massage therapists to work legally provided they worked in Massage Parlours (in the true sense of the word). In 2003 the Healthcare Practitioners Competency Assurance Act went on to replace this.
In the 1980’s there proved to be a need for a uniting body for massage therapists and the in 1985 the Massage Institute of New Zealand (MINZI) was formed. This was the first professional association for massage since it was separated from physiotherapy, and it focused on the education of therapists, set standards for teachers and held annual conferences for skill development.
In 1989 the New Zealand Association of Therapeutic Massage Practitioners (NZATMP) was also established. It had a strong focus on educational standards and how to raise them, professionalism and increasing the public awareness of massage. It went on to have a name change in the late 1990’s – Therapeutic Massage Association (TMA). During this time it created a new membership structure and had a change of focus towards supporting and representing the needs of qualified therapists, while being a voice for the massage industry. In 2006 MINZI and TMA joined to form Massage New Zealand, sharing common goals and motivations.
Medical advancements have had an enormous impact on the massage industry. Contemporary massage has developed a range of techniques that although they may have been available in the past, they are now becoming more understood and utilised. These techniques are often referred to as bodywork. Many are taken from the breakthroughs made by Cyriax (cross fibre friction massage), Vodder (lymphatic drainage), plus other developments such as Rolfing (Ida Rolf 1896-1979) and trigger points/myofascial pain (Travell). The main model currently used in New Zealand is orthopaedic massage, which we refer to as remedial massage.
Having said that, there are still many who treat the body as more than just a machine to be kept well oiled. The body approach focuses on the body and the effects that massage will have on it – very much a “cause and effect approach” (McQuillan, 2009). This is very strongly linked to the scientific and physiological approach of western medicine. However, it is becoming more widely accepted and understood that at the very least the mind needs to be included as an important factor. It is widely understood that the mind is our most powerful tool. The way you think can affect the body and therapists who use the body-mind approach need to consider this on many levels. For example, the way a therapist portrays themselves and their business environment is an important tool for putting a client at ease and promoting faith and trust in their therapists abilities, which can impact on the effectiveness of the treatment. Some may call this the placebo effect, but that in itself helps to support the importance the mind plays in the well being of the body.
The Body-mind-spirit approach is the next dimension and very much along the lines of the traditional Eastern methods of chi and energy flow. There are many different methods of incorporating the spirit be it praying, meditating or intention. This is a very subtle tool, but those who believe in it consider it to be a key factor in a truly successful massage.
Massage has had a very long and bumpy journey in its evolution. There are still so many diverse aspects to massage that we can never truly know them all, but it is thanks to the courage and passion of the early physicians that we can have a greater understanding of the physiological effects of what we do in our Western style of massage. Diversity is the colour of life, so by having some understanding of other cultural and philosophical approaches, such as the Eastern traditions, we are able to make ourselves more open and rounded in our own philosophies. In addition, we can also hopefully learn lessons from the mistakes of others, so we can move forward in a moral and ethical way to be the best we can be for ourselves, our clients and the massage industry.
References
Beck, M. F. (1999). Milady’s theory and practice of therapeutic massage (3rd ed.). New York: Milady Publishing.
Fritz, S. (2009). Mosby’s fundamentals of therapeutic massage (4th ed.).St Louis: Mosby, Elsevier
McQuillan, D. (2009). Fundamentals of massage. Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago Polytechnic
McQuillan, D. (2009, May 21). Fundamentals of massage: Retrieved June 2, 2009 from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
McQuillan, D. (2009, June 4). Fundamentals of massage Retrieved June 5, 2009 from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
Salvo, S. G. (2007). Massage therapy: principles and practice (3rd ed.). St Louis: Saunders, Elsevier
Wikipedia. Retrieved June 2, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocrates
Friday, June 12, 2009
Monday, May 25, 2009
Fundamentals - Task 5
Sustainable Massage Practice
By Suzanne Cunningham
Massage is an organic experience, therefore it makes sense to link it to sustainability. Sustainability is more than just looking at our impact on the planet. In this blog I will address the efforts we can make in our massage practice to preserve Earth, but also look at the implications to ourselves, to our networks and to the economy.
When considering massage in the context of a therapist working on a client, there are many ways in which we can work to make it as organic and sustainable as possible. In Nicole Cutlers online article How to Practice Eco-Friendly Massage (July 21, 2008), she provides some excellent examples of what to incorporate in our practice. Some of them are as simple as making a wise choice when purchasing items from our supermarkets and department stores.
Using organic products wherever possible is highly recommended. This includes “organically grown cotton linens [which] are produced without the use of pesticides; they use sustainable practices such as crop rotation and support beneficial insect life” (Cutler, 2008). The use of organic massage oils and creams is also strongly encouraged. They have a two-fold advantage as they follow the same sustainable principles in their production, but they are also a great way of directly looking after yourself and your clients well-being by limiting the toxins present to be absorbed through the skin. This can also be taken one step further by using, plant and mineral based laundry detergents (which I currently do).
Where possible, buy in bulk. Instead of using several small containers and having a large amount of waste, it is possible to use one large storage container and repeatedly top up a dispenser. Often buying in bulk is cheaper than buying the same volume in smaller containers. Some suppliers may even offer a discount if you return the empty containers (eg: The Body Shop). Due to the low volume of clients I currently have, this is not yet a major consideration for me. However, once I have a higher client work load, bulk purchasing of oils will be something to prioritise.
To take sustainable practice further, the environment in which you practice should be considered. Efficient insulation and heating of the premises should be a high priority. Currently, my room has very little ceiling insulation and no under floor insulation. Both of these are going to be remedied very soon as there has been a noticeable change in recent weeks as to how high the heater needs to be and how long the heat is retained in the room. For those who are renting premises this can be a little difficult to ensure, however, wise decision making when renting a location can save a lot of expensive heating measures in the long run. Insulation requirements will vary from region to region, however, if you want to keep your space warm or cool, adequate insulation makes this a much more efficient process.
Sharing premises with another therapist or complementary healthcare provider could be a good way of sharing many expenses and the environmental impact, instead of replicating it in many different locations for a single use. In addition, wise booking of clients can also assist. If you have two or more clients back to back, this can be more sustainable than having one in the morning and one in the evening. You will either have to use extra energy reheating the area for the second client or use a large amount in keeping the area warm for the entire time. Less energy use = less drain on the environment.
The type of heating (or cooling) systems also needs to be considered as some are more efficient in different environments (radiant versus convection). As safety is paramount, there may be some limitations on what can be selected, but it pays to do your homework to see which type is going to be suited to the space and materials in your work environment.
So, by combining wise insulation, heating and time management you will be able to make a significant difference to your energy use, thus your impact on the environment and the size of your heating bill! Using energy efficient lighting takes it just one step further.
Reuse and recycle is another method to use to keep your business environmentally sustainable and keep costs down. I re-use printer paper - drafts of assignments, emails, etc - basically anything that is not confidential. They get sliced into pieces and used for grocery lists, to-do lists, book marks, phone messages, and so on.
Cutler (2008) says this about recycling, “Considered to be the ultimate green act, participation in a recycling program makes a big impact on preserving the environment”. Any items that can be recycled should be recycled through your local council (or other available systems).
However, there are more areas that massage is relevant to sustainability than the environment. There are the very human, social and economic impacts which have many flow-on effects into our society. For example, by therapists remembering to keep massage sessions to the specified time, and managing workloads so that they don’t burn out, this provides sustainability of our massage providers. If they are looking after themselves and each other, they will be available to provide outstanding and ongoing care for their clients.
The so called “human sustainability” (McQuillan, 2009) factor of massage can be measured by the improvement in our own and our clients physical, emotional and spiritual well-being. Although many may say the latter two cannot be measured, most will report an improvement in their sense of general well-being, which is a form of self measure – we all know when we are feeling better after a period of ill health or stress!
By educating clients to become more self aware, they grow and learn more about themselves. They will often feel inclined to become more active, perhaps in an effort to get fit and strengthen weakened muscles, to manage stress levels or reconnect with their personal and professional networks in a more positive way. As clients become more self aware, they may also choose to further their education about their health - perhaps by changing their diet to reduce the volume and type of toxins entering the body, becoming aware of any food intolerances and just being generally more aware of what makes them feel better. In addition to managing their stress by having a physical outlet, some may even feel positive enough to address the source of their stress and eliminate it completely. This self awareness is another area in which I need to address my massage practice. By not making my diet and exercise a priority, I regularly run low on energy and optimism. This is not sustainable!!
These, and many other factors which can come directly from receiving regular massage, can flow on to affect other areas of our society. As discussed in my blog The Effects of Massage on the Autonomic Nervous System, oxytocin is a chemical in the body that is attributed to “the ability to bond and form healthy relationships with other people” (Cunningham, 2009). As massage can increase a persons natural level of oxytocin, clients will hopefully be leaving their sessions with an increased feeling of warmth and compassion towards others. This can only but have a positive effect on those they connect with. If this is combined with a reduction in stress levels, be it because they are no longer in pain from muscle tension, or they have an increased level of “feel good” hormones, a person is more likely to be calmer, more positive, less emotional and more rational. This can only bode well for their interactions with others.
I have experienced this first hand recently. After completing several assignments my stress levels dropped markedly. This resulted in me having more physical time and emotional “head space” to provide positive attention and energy onto those around me. Positive facial cues and warm responses replaced the frowns, tight lips and crisp replies that were previously dealt out. Although I could feel the change in myself, it was the comments and reponses from those around me that have had the most impact. Therefore, the professional relationships we build with our clients and the physical effect we have on them through massage will have an enormous impact on the way they interact in their other relationships, building social sustainability.
“Economic sustainability” is something we should all be striving for. By building a great business we hope to have a fabulous income. Ok, realistically it will be a good income, enabling us to live a comfortable lifestyle and have a little disposable income. If we are able to comfortably cover our costs, we are more likely to feel positive about spending our profit on other industries – hospitality, travel, adventure, clothing and textiles, and so on.
Looking at it from another angle, if as massage therapists we are treating workers in these other industries, hopefully they are fit and well, therefore more productive in their industry, reaping the economic rewards and having the disposable income to also contribute to the economic cycle. People who feel better do more! These people who are feeling better will also hopefully have the time and energy to consider the world around them instead of only have the energy to get through their day.
This positivity, combined with economic growth, can have enormous effects on our environment. People will have the time and energy to consider the choices available to them (eg: Fair Trade coffee). If they have the economic growth, they will have the income to pay slightly more for the socially and environmentally sustainable products. As many of these products do cost more than their bulk and commercially produced counterparts, it will only be by the buying power of those who can afford it to change the supply and demand see-saw so that there are more of these products available, therefore hopefully having an increasingly positive impact on our world and our own sustainability.
It is astounding to consider the far reaching effects massage may possibly have, and it is exciting to be considered a part of such an organic and important process. There are many things that I must personally consider and address as I continue to make my business sustainable, and I believe I have already made some solid ground in the right direction.
Resources
Cunningham, S. (2009, April 2). The effects of massage on the autonomic nervous system. Message posted to Suzanne Cunningham – Massage Therapist [Web Log]: http://suzmassage.blogspot.com/
Cutler, N. (2008, July 21). How to practice eco-friendly massage. Retrieved May 21, 2009, from
http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/mt/archives/2008/07/how_to_practice.html
McQuillan, D. (2009). Fundamentals – ethics (Sustainable massage practice). Retrieved May 24, 2009, from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
By Suzanne Cunningham
Massage is an organic experience, therefore it makes sense to link it to sustainability. Sustainability is more than just looking at our impact on the planet. In this blog I will address the efforts we can make in our massage practice to preserve Earth, but also look at the implications to ourselves, to our networks and to the economy.
When considering massage in the context of a therapist working on a client, there are many ways in which we can work to make it as organic and sustainable as possible. In Nicole Cutlers online article How to Practice Eco-Friendly Massage (July 21, 2008), she provides some excellent examples of what to incorporate in our practice. Some of them are as simple as making a wise choice when purchasing items from our supermarkets and department stores.
Using organic products wherever possible is highly recommended. This includes “organically grown cotton linens [which] are produced without the use of pesticides; they use sustainable practices such as crop rotation and support beneficial insect life” (Cutler, 2008). The use of organic massage oils and creams is also strongly encouraged. They have a two-fold advantage as they follow the same sustainable principles in their production, but they are also a great way of directly looking after yourself and your clients well-being by limiting the toxins present to be absorbed through the skin. This can also be taken one step further by using, plant and mineral based laundry detergents (which I currently do).
Where possible, buy in bulk. Instead of using several small containers and having a large amount of waste, it is possible to use one large storage container and repeatedly top up a dispenser. Often buying in bulk is cheaper than buying the same volume in smaller containers. Some suppliers may even offer a discount if you return the empty containers (eg: The Body Shop). Due to the low volume of clients I currently have, this is not yet a major consideration for me. However, once I have a higher client work load, bulk purchasing of oils will be something to prioritise.
To take sustainable practice further, the environment in which you practice should be considered. Efficient insulation and heating of the premises should be a high priority. Currently, my room has very little ceiling insulation and no under floor insulation. Both of these are going to be remedied very soon as there has been a noticeable change in recent weeks as to how high the heater needs to be and how long the heat is retained in the room. For those who are renting premises this can be a little difficult to ensure, however, wise decision making when renting a location can save a lot of expensive heating measures in the long run. Insulation requirements will vary from region to region, however, if you want to keep your space warm or cool, adequate insulation makes this a much more efficient process.
Sharing premises with another therapist or complementary healthcare provider could be a good way of sharing many expenses and the environmental impact, instead of replicating it in many different locations for a single use. In addition, wise booking of clients can also assist. If you have two or more clients back to back, this can be more sustainable than having one in the morning and one in the evening. You will either have to use extra energy reheating the area for the second client or use a large amount in keeping the area warm for the entire time. Less energy use = less drain on the environment.
The type of heating (or cooling) systems also needs to be considered as some are more efficient in different environments (radiant versus convection). As safety is paramount, there may be some limitations on what can be selected, but it pays to do your homework to see which type is going to be suited to the space and materials in your work environment.
So, by combining wise insulation, heating and time management you will be able to make a significant difference to your energy use, thus your impact on the environment and the size of your heating bill! Using energy efficient lighting takes it just one step further.
Reuse and recycle is another method to use to keep your business environmentally sustainable and keep costs down. I re-use printer paper - drafts of assignments, emails, etc - basically anything that is not confidential. They get sliced into pieces and used for grocery lists, to-do lists, book marks, phone messages, and so on.
Cutler (2008) says this about recycling, “Considered to be the ultimate green act, participation in a recycling program makes a big impact on preserving the environment”. Any items that can be recycled should be recycled through your local council (or other available systems).
However, there are more areas that massage is relevant to sustainability than the environment. There are the very human, social and economic impacts which have many flow-on effects into our society. For example, by therapists remembering to keep massage sessions to the specified time, and managing workloads so that they don’t burn out, this provides sustainability of our massage providers. If they are looking after themselves and each other, they will be available to provide outstanding and ongoing care for their clients.
The so called “human sustainability” (McQuillan, 2009) factor of massage can be measured by the improvement in our own and our clients physical, emotional and spiritual well-being. Although many may say the latter two cannot be measured, most will report an improvement in their sense of general well-being, which is a form of self measure – we all know when we are feeling better after a period of ill health or stress!
By educating clients to become more self aware, they grow and learn more about themselves. They will often feel inclined to become more active, perhaps in an effort to get fit and strengthen weakened muscles, to manage stress levels or reconnect with their personal and professional networks in a more positive way. As clients become more self aware, they may also choose to further their education about their health - perhaps by changing their diet to reduce the volume and type of toxins entering the body, becoming aware of any food intolerances and just being generally more aware of what makes them feel better. In addition to managing their stress by having a physical outlet, some may even feel positive enough to address the source of their stress and eliminate it completely. This self awareness is another area in which I need to address my massage practice. By not making my diet and exercise a priority, I regularly run low on energy and optimism. This is not sustainable!!
These, and many other factors which can come directly from receiving regular massage, can flow on to affect other areas of our society. As discussed in my blog The Effects of Massage on the Autonomic Nervous System, oxytocin is a chemical in the body that is attributed to “the ability to bond and form healthy relationships with other people” (Cunningham, 2009). As massage can increase a persons natural level of oxytocin, clients will hopefully be leaving their sessions with an increased feeling of warmth and compassion towards others. This can only but have a positive effect on those they connect with. If this is combined with a reduction in stress levels, be it because they are no longer in pain from muscle tension, or they have an increased level of “feel good” hormones, a person is more likely to be calmer, more positive, less emotional and more rational. This can only bode well for their interactions with others.
I have experienced this first hand recently. After completing several assignments my stress levels dropped markedly. This resulted in me having more physical time and emotional “head space” to provide positive attention and energy onto those around me. Positive facial cues and warm responses replaced the frowns, tight lips and crisp replies that were previously dealt out. Although I could feel the change in myself, it was the comments and reponses from those around me that have had the most impact. Therefore, the professional relationships we build with our clients and the physical effect we have on them through massage will have an enormous impact on the way they interact in their other relationships, building social sustainability.
“Economic sustainability” is something we should all be striving for. By building a great business we hope to have a fabulous income. Ok, realistically it will be a good income, enabling us to live a comfortable lifestyle and have a little disposable income. If we are able to comfortably cover our costs, we are more likely to feel positive about spending our profit on other industries – hospitality, travel, adventure, clothing and textiles, and so on.
Looking at it from another angle, if as massage therapists we are treating workers in these other industries, hopefully they are fit and well, therefore more productive in their industry, reaping the economic rewards and having the disposable income to also contribute to the economic cycle. People who feel better do more! These people who are feeling better will also hopefully have the time and energy to consider the world around them instead of only have the energy to get through their day.
This positivity, combined with economic growth, can have enormous effects on our environment. People will have the time and energy to consider the choices available to them (eg: Fair Trade coffee). If they have the economic growth, they will have the income to pay slightly more for the socially and environmentally sustainable products. As many of these products do cost more than their bulk and commercially produced counterparts, it will only be by the buying power of those who can afford it to change the supply and demand see-saw so that there are more of these products available, therefore hopefully having an increasingly positive impact on our world and our own sustainability.
It is astounding to consider the far reaching effects massage may possibly have, and it is exciting to be considered a part of such an organic and important process. There are many things that I must personally consider and address as I continue to make my business sustainable, and I believe I have already made some solid ground in the right direction.
Resources
Cunningham, S. (2009, April 2). The effects of massage on the autonomic nervous system. Message posted to Suzanne Cunningham – Massage Therapist [Web Log]: http://suzmassage.blogspot.com/
Cutler, N. (2008, July 21). How to practice eco-friendly massage. Retrieved May 21, 2009, from
http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/mt/archives/2008/07/how_to_practice.html
McQuillan, D. (2009). Fundamentals – ethics (Sustainable massage practice). Retrieved May 24, 2009, from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Study Skills - Task 7
Time Management
By Suzanne Cunningham
I thought I had it sorted! However, as I tried to complete this assignment, by my third draft I began to realise just how far off the mark I am.
I started the year with high hopes and grand plans. I went through my diary and wrote in our schedule according to the online timetable. I made lists of my regular clients and my daughters activities. I even printed off the assessments from the course pages and put them all in date order in one assessment folder so I can work logically through them. My husband travels for work at irregular times and for extended periods, so I knew that I had to plan my life as if he is not here – if he is, bonus! Even before taking on the commitment of full time study I carefully considered my existing daily and weekly commitments and identified that I would be able to find a workable balance. I was going to fit it all in during school hours and the occasional late evening so that I would still be there for my family. I usually have extraordinary time management skills which have served me well in the past. To be honest, I really don’t know how it has all gone so pear shaped.
So while I have been sitting here trying to reflect on the important areas in my life that I need to prioritise (daily/weekly household tasks, my daughters activities, my study, my relationships, my work, my health), it has become clear that one of my biggest problems (or weaknesses) is the inability to identify which is the most important item and give it top priority (compared to identifying the most pressing problem that needs attention now). Does it change minute by minute, or day by day? Am I considering what is more important to others instead of what is more important to me, and is this wrong? This then lends itself to the second biggest problem of my inability to say no and to be less of a “people pleaser”.
Typically in the past I have taken other peoples schedules and worked mine around them. This could be because my husband has always travelled to varying degrees, so we have always had to work in around his schedule. Now that our daughter is getting older and has numerous activities each week, here is yet another schedule that I need to work around. Prioritising time for me is proving to be a major challenge. I usually book my clients in when it suits them, not necessarily when it works for me, and as time progresses I am seeing and feeling the negative impact all this “people pleasing” is having on my physical and emotional health.
I believe that I have time management in day-to-day family life fairly well nailed. My diary is my bible and it has all our external commitments listed to avoid double bookings or missing something. We are prepared and on time for events and activities. We eat and sleep at “normal” times, and there are always clean clothes to wear. However, it appears that I have some major work to do to get my own personal priorities and time management sorted so that my studies are given the due care and attention that I intended at the start of the year.
My first step is going to be to create a realistic schedule based on the three week cycle we have with our block courses. During the two weeks in between blocks there will be a limit to the number of clients I see in a day and in a week. I will also need to start occasionally accepting the offers of help from family members in an attempt to free up time I normally spend driving to, and waiting at, my daughter’s activities. Perhaps I will need to go as far as allocating a particular day of the week for a specific subject, just to ensure I concentrate on one thing at a time. Most importantly, I am going to prioritise some play-time for myself. I haven’t skated in months. It was my “happy place” when I felt down about being back in Dunedin. The personal challenge it presents is so rewarding when you master a new skill and break through boundaries. Not to mention the friendship and camaraderie I have with my fellow adult skaters. It really is a different experience that bonds you with others who are taking on this unusual challenge at a later stage in life.
Watch this space… The old and revitalised Suz will be back
By Suzanne Cunningham
I thought I had it sorted! However, as I tried to complete this assignment, by my third draft I began to realise just how far off the mark I am.
I started the year with high hopes and grand plans. I went through my diary and wrote in our schedule according to the online timetable. I made lists of my regular clients and my daughters activities. I even printed off the assessments from the course pages and put them all in date order in one assessment folder so I can work logically through them. My husband travels for work at irregular times and for extended periods, so I knew that I had to plan my life as if he is not here – if he is, bonus! Even before taking on the commitment of full time study I carefully considered my existing daily and weekly commitments and identified that I would be able to find a workable balance. I was going to fit it all in during school hours and the occasional late evening so that I would still be there for my family. I usually have extraordinary time management skills which have served me well in the past. To be honest, I really don’t know how it has all gone so pear shaped.
So while I have been sitting here trying to reflect on the important areas in my life that I need to prioritise (daily/weekly household tasks, my daughters activities, my study, my relationships, my work, my health), it has become clear that one of my biggest problems (or weaknesses) is the inability to identify which is the most important item and give it top priority (compared to identifying the most pressing problem that needs attention now). Does it change minute by minute, or day by day? Am I considering what is more important to others instead of what is more important to me, and is this wrong? This then lends itself to the second biggest problem of my inability to say no and to be less of a “people pleaser”.
Typically in the past I have taken other peoples schedules and worked mine around them. This could be because my husband has always travelled to varying degrees, so we have always had to work in around his schedule. Now that our daughter is getting older and has numerous activities each week, here is yet another schedule that I need to work around. Prioritising time for me is proving to be a major challenge. I usually book my clients in when it suits them, not necessarily when it works for me, and as time progresses I am seeing and feeling the negative impact all this “people pleasing” is having on my physical and emotional health.
I believe that I have time management in day-to-day family life fairly well nailed. My diary is my bible and it has all our external commitments listed to avoid double bookings or missing something. We are prepared and on time for events and activities. We eat and sleep at “normal” times, and there are always clean clothes to wear. However, it appears that I have some major work to do to get my own personal priorities and time management sorted so that my studies are given the due care and attention that I intended at the start of the year.
My first step is going to be to create a realistic schedule based on the three week cycle we have with our block courses. During the two weeks in between blocks there will be a limit to the number of clients I see in a day and in a week. I will also need to start occasionally accepting the offers of help from family members in an attempt to free up time I normally spend driving to, and waiting at, my daughter’s activities. Perhaps I will need to go as far as allocating a particular day of the week for a specific subject, just to ensure I concentrate on one thing at a time. Most importantly, I am going to prioritise some play-time for myself. I haven’t skated in months. It was my “happy place” when I felt down about being back in Dunedin. The personal challenge it presents is so rewarding when you master a new skill and break through boundaries. Not to mention the friendship and camaraderie I have with my fellow adult skaters. It really is a different experience that bonds you with others who are taking on this unusual challenge at a later stage in life.
Watch this space… The old and revitalised Suz will be back
Fundamentals Of Massage - Task 4
The Ethics of Professional Practice
By Suzanne Cunningham
Ethics - “The standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession” (Wiktionary, 2009). Massage therapists have a responsibility to themselves and their clients to set high ethical standards due to the unique relationship that exist between them. Just some of the ethical aspects to be considered will be outlined in this blog.
Client Centred Care
“In client-centered care, clients are [to be] considered first and foremost at every point in the planning, implementation, and evaluation… Clients are the experts on their own personal circumstances and wants” (Kols & Sherman, 1998). Therapists need to respect each client as an individual and tailor each session to be in the clients best interests. Clear communication will assist the therapist to obtain client information and informed consent prior to treatment.
Informed Consent
This is where a client gives permission for treatment based on a clear understanding of all the facts, and potential consequences of an action. The client must have the ability to reason the information they are given and must be provided with all the relevant details for consent to be given (Wikipedia 2009).
For massage, fully informed consent can be difficult due to the volume of information to be advised to the client. However, procedures and possible after-effects must be clearly communicated to and understood by the client prior to treatment. Minors or those who have some form of cognitive impairment should have a carer or legal guardian present to make informed consent decisions on their behalf. As part of the informed consent procedure, clinic policies, procedures and a scope of practice should be clearly available to the client.
Scope of Practice (SOP)
In order to have an honest SOP, Salvo (2007) advises that we need to understand our professional limits, and cautions that it is unethical to take on a client to whom we cannot provide adequate treatment (p. 24). Therapists who have a clearly defined SOP will be trained and have suitable experience to perform the specified treatments competently and professionally. Having an honest and clear SOP will promote therapeutic relationships with clients and professional relationships with other healthcare practitioners.
Relationships
Professionalism and trust are vital when developing both therapeutic and professional relationships.
This aspect has proved to be my personal challenge. It is easier to maintain professionalism when working with clients that I see only in the paid massage context. It is difficult to keep a professional distance when practicing on friends and family due to pre-existing relationships. In this situation, the balance of power is also altered (when compared to a paying client) as they are fulfilling my need to practice. This is an area in which I need to continue to develop to ensure I always maintain an acceptable level of professionalism in all massages.
If therapeutic relationships evolve into anything else, it is wise to refer the client to another therapist as they may be able to provide more objective treatment within professional boundaries.
Confidentiality
Many elements of client confidentiality are covered by the Privacy Act of 1993. Client records must be inaccessible to unauthorised persons. Only the client and persons explicitly authorised by the client are permitted to access them. Information in client records must also accurately reflect what has occurred during treatment. Inappropriate information should not be documented. For example, items such as work stress directly relating to a named third party should not be recorded. It is advisable to keep it generic and perhaps identify it as work related emotional stress.
Discussions about clients to third parties are also inappropriate. However, if it is an example of treatment techniques or results, providing the information supplied makes it impossible for the client to be identified in any way, this may be acceptable in some circumstances. This is an important rule in a city like Dunedin, where there are many surprising connections and relationships. If you happen to see a client outside the usual treatment environment, it is permissible to acknowledge them with eye contact and a smile, but the client must be the one to initiate any further contact. This respects their boundaries and privacy.
Boundaries
Boundaries clearly define roles and responsibilities in all relationships. By dressing in a professional manner (clean, tidy and appropriately), this sets an immediate boundary for the client. When this is backed by a warm but professional approach to the remainder of the massage process, the boundaries will remain clear and avoid any misunderstandings. According to Salvo (2007), “By having professional boundaries in place, we instil a sense of respect and dignity to our clients, to our profession and to ourselves” (p. 18). Occasionally, boundaries may shift and errors can occur like commenting on a clients appearance or the offering of psychological advice. However, continual monitoring of boundaries enables therapists to preserve the sanctity of the therapeutic relationship. Boundaries are vital to understanding and careful handling of the power differential that exist between a client and therapist.
Power Differentials
Clients place a large amount of trust in their therapist when removing clothing and allowing the therapist access to their body. They see therapists as the “professional” with superior knowledge and experience. By using the tools mentioned earlier in the blog, especially informed consent and boundaries, an ethical therapist will be able to maintain a successfully balanced relationship in a way in which there is no real or perceived abuse of power differentials. It is important for clients to understand that they have the right to stop treatment at any point if they feel this is not being handled appropriately.
Transference and Counter Transference
This is an interesting concept and also a frighteningly easy one to see how it can occur. Generally, we are raised in nurturing environments and taught to nurture others as best we can. However, when we are in a therapeutic relationship both client and therapist need to remain within professional boundaries.
If a client is displaying signs of transference (such as buying the therapist personal gifts, or inviting them to social occasions), this will need to be handled carefully to maintaining clear boundaries and if necessary, the client may need to be referred to another therapist.
On the flip side, there can be counter transference, which Salvo (2007) describes as the therapist bringing their unresolved issues or personal needs to the therapeutic relationship and having difficulty maintaining professionalism (p. 33). If a therapist displays these signs they need to carefully consider their behaviour and boundaries, and seek advice from their supervisor or counsellor. If this is not able to be resolved, the best course of action may be to end the therapeutic relationship to prevent it progressing and becoming unethical.
Conclusion
Understanding ethics in relation to professional massage practice has been an interesting learning experience. Many of these items at first seem like common sense which we all assume to have to some degree. However, as you delve deeper and make direct connections as to how they relate to a professional massage practice there are fundamental elements that are easily overlooked at first glance. Boundaries appear to be the strongest element that bonds all the others together. If as therapists we set high standards with the boundaries we put in place, everything else will hopefully reach the same standard. Individual attention to each step will still be required, but it is possible to have an outstanding ethical massage practice.
References
Kols, A and Sherman J (1998). Family planning programmes: Improving Quality, Population Reports, Series J, No 47. Retreived May 18, 2009 from http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/j47/j47chap3.shtml
McQuillan, D, (2009). Fundamentals of Massage – Ethics. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
Salvo, S (2007). Massage therapy principles and practice (3rd ed), St Louis, Saunders, Elsevier
Wikipedia. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent
Wiktionary, Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethics
By Suzanne Cunningham
Ethics - “The standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession” (Wiktionary, 2009). Massage therapists have a responsibility to themselves and their clients to set high ethical standards due to the unique relationship that exist between them. Just some of the ethical aspects to be considered will be outlined in this blog.
Client Centred Care
“In client-centered care, clients are [to be] considered first and foremost at every point in the planning, implementation, and evaluation… Clients are the experts on their own personal circumstances and wants” (Kols & Sherman, 1998). Therapists need to respect each client as an individual and tailor each session to be in the clients best interests. Clear communication will assist the therapist to obtain client information and informed consent prior to treatment.
Informed Consent
This is where a client gives permission for treatment based on a clear understanding of all the facts, and potential consequences of an action. The client must have the ability to reason the information they are given and must be provided with all the relevant details for consent to be given (Wikipedia 2009).
For massage, fully informed consent can be difficult due to the volume of information to be advised to the client. However, procedures and possible after-effects must be clearly communicated to and understood by the client prior to treatment. Minors or those who have some form of cognitive impairment should have a carer or legal guardian present to make informed consent decisions on their behalf. As part of the informed consent procedure, clinic policies, procedures and a scope of practice should be clearly available to the client.
Scope of Practice (SOP)
In order to have an honest SOP, Salvo (2007) advises that we need to understand our professional limits, and cautions that it is unethical to take on a client to whom we cannot provide adequate treatment (p. 24). Therapists who have a clearly defined SOP will be trained and have suitable experience to perform the specified treatments competently and professionally. Having an honest and clear SOP will promote therapeutic relationships with clients and professional relationships with other healthcare practitioners.
Relationships
Professionalism and trust are vital when developing both therapeutic and professional relationships.
This aspect has proved to be my personal challenge. It is easier to maintain professionalism when working with clients that I see only in the paid massage context. It is difficult to keep a professional distance when practicing on friends and family due to pre-existing relationships. In this situation, the balance of power is also altered (when compared to a paying client) as they are fulfilling my need to practice. This is an area in which I need to continue to develop to ensure I always maintain an acceptable level of professionalism in all massages.
If therapeutic relationships evolve into anything else, it is wise to refer the client to another therapist as they may be able to provide more objective treatment within professional boundaries.
Confidentiality
Many elements of client confidentiality are covered by the Privacy Act of 1993. Client records must be inaccessible to unauthorised persons. Only the client and persons explicitly authorised by the client are permitted to access them. Information in client records must also accurately reflect what has occurred during treatment. Inappropriate information should not be documented. For example, items such as work stress directly relating to a named third party should not be recorded. It is advisable to keep it generic and perhaps identify it as work related emotional stress.
Discussions about clients to third parties are also inappropriate. However, if it is an example of treatment techniques or results, providing the information supplied makes it impossible for the client to be identified in any way, this may be acceptable in some circumstances. This is an important rule in a city like Dunedin, where there are many surprising connections and relationships. If you happen to see a client outside the usual treatment environment, it is permissible to acknowledge them with eye contact and a smile, but the client must be the one to initiate any further contact. This respects their boundaries and privacy.
Boundaries
Boundaries clearly define roles and responsibilities in all relationships. By dressing in a professional manner (clean, tidy and appropriately), this sets an immediate boundary for the client. When this is backed by a warm but professional approach to the remainder of the massage process, the boundaries will remain clear and avoid any misunderstandings. According to Salvo (2007), “By having professional boundaries in place, we instil a sense of respect and dignity to our clients, to our profession and to ourselves” (p. 18). Occasionally, boundaries may shift and errors can occur like commenting on a clients appearance or the offering of psychological advice. However, continual monitoring of boundaries enables therapists to preserve the sanctity of the therapeutic relationship. Boundaries are vital to understanding and careful handling of the power differential that exist between a client and therapist.
Power Differentials
Clients place a large amount of trust in their therapist when removing clothing and allowing the therapist access to their body. They see therapists as the “professional” with superior knowledge and experience. By using the tools mentioned earlier in the blog, especially informed consent and boundaries, an ethical therapist will be able to maintain a successfully balanced relationship in a way in which there is no real or perceived abuse of power differentials. It is important for clients to understand that they have the right to stop treatment at any point if they feel this is not being handled appropriately.
Transference and Counter Transference
This is an interesting concept and also a frighteningly easy one to see how it can occur. Generally, we are raised in nurturing environments and taught to nurture others as best we can. However, when we are in a therapeutic relationship both client and therapist need to remain within professional boundaries.
If a client is displaying signs of transference (such as buying the therapist personal gifts, or inviting them to social occasions), this will need to be handled carefully to maintaining clear boundaries and if necessary, the client may need to be referred to another therapist.
On the flip side, there can be counter transference, which Salvo (2007) describes as the therapist bringing their unresolved issues or personal needs to the therapeutic relationship and having difficulty maintaining professionalism (p. 33). If a therapist displays these signs they need to carefully consider their behaviour and boundaries, and seek advice from their supervisor or counsellor. If this is not able to be resolved, the best course of action may be to end the therapeutic relationship to prevent it progressing and becoming unethical.
Conclusion
Understanding ethics in relation to professional massage practice has been an interesting learning experience. Many of these items at first seem like common sense which we all assume to have to some degree. However, as you delve deeper and make direct connections as to how they relate to a professional massage practice there are fundamental elements that are easily overlooked at first glance. Boundaries appear to be the strongest element that bonds all the others together. If as therapists we set high standards with the boundaries we put in place, everything else will hopefully reach the same standard. Individual attention to each step will still be required, but it is possible to have an outstanding ethical massage practice.
References
Kols, A and Sherman J (1998). Family planning programmes: Improving Quality, Population Reports, Series J, No 47. Retreived May 18, 2009 from http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/j47/j47chap3.shtml
McQuillan, D, (2009). Fundamentals of Massage – Ethics. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://elluminate.tekotago.ac.nz/play_recording_confirmation.html
Salvo, S (2007). Massage therapy principles and practice (3rd ed), St Louis, Saunders, Elsevier
Wikipedia. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent
Wiktionary, Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethics
Friday, April 3, 2009
Fundamentals - Task 2
The Effects of Massage on the Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is sub-divided into the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Most of the organs within the body are controlled by these divisions which work together, yet antagonistically, to regulate body function and responses. “What one division stimulates, the other inhibits” (Marieb, 1998, p. 364).
The role of the PNS (the ‘resting and digesting’ department) maintains a neutral, homeostatic level of bodily functions such as digestion and respiration, generally conserving the body’s energy.
In contrast, the SNS becomes stimulated and responds to a real or perceived threat. When this division is aroused, primal ‘fight or flight’ instincts are initiated. Heart rate increases, production of saliva is halted, digestion is suppressed and blood is directed to areas of higher importance, such as limb muscles, which are prepared to protect the body.
Evolution has taught us be cautious. A persons’ first experience with massage may initially stimulate the SNS. Allowing a stranger into your personal space involves a level of trust which may raise anxieties triggered by previously negative experiences or even the fear of the unknown.
According to Beck (2006), massage can affect the ANS in different ways depending on the type of massage performed. A massage that is invigorating or does not meet the clients expectations, may stimulate the SNS. In contrast, a relaxing massage that meets or exceeds the client’s expectations appears to suppress the SNS, providing pleasant results such as slower heart rate, lower blood pressure and increased relaxation.
The Effects of Massage Strokes
Swedish/relaxation massage provides a range of techniques that are used to achieve differing effects.
Touch (holding) is often used at the commencement and conclusion of a massage. It has a range of subjective and reflexive effects. Touch is a great way of “giving [the client] the opportunity to become accustomed to you without distracting conversation” (Salvo, 2007, p. 143). This provides time for the client’s body to switch into ‘massage mode’, arousing the PNS, reducing heart rate and respiration.
The first moving stroke is Effleurage. Salvo (2007), states that “this action promotes venous blood flow” (p. 146) and “warms the body tissues making them more extensible”, (p. 148). This gliding stroke also prepares an area for deeper, more specific work, as well as moving wastes from an area and soothing tissues.
In comparison, Petrissage (kneading) is used for working deeper into the tissues and fascia. Salvo, (2007) indicates, that this has many effects including increasing blood flow, relaxing and lengthening muscles, softening superficial fascia and stimulating the release of pain relieving chemicals such as endorphins.
According to Beck (2006), “compression is another form of friction” (p. 397). He also claims that where kneading can involve lifting and squeezing the tissue away from skeletal structures, friction pushes one layer of tissue against another in order to flatten or stretch the tissue. Friction increases heat, which can increase the body’s metabolic rate, and making muscle connective tissue more pliable therefore function more efficiently.
Tapotement can have a “pleasurable, stimulating effect” (Salvo, 2007, p 163). It is a percussion style technique which stimulates nerve endings, increases blood flow and generally stimulates the client. This can be beneficial if your client needs to be more alert at the completion of the massage, compared to the ‘spacey’ feeling many experience after massage without tapotement.
Vibration:
The effects of vibratory movements depend on the rate of vibration, the
intensity of pressure and the duration of the treatment. This form of
massage is for soothing and bringing about relaxation and release of tension
when applied lightly. It is stimulating when applied with pressure. A
numbing effect is experienced when vibrations are applied for a prolonged period
of time. (Beck, 2006, p. 397).
Miscellaneous Effects of Massage
Many effects can be recorded scientifically by measuring the change in levels of hormones, blood flow, etc in the body.
Blood flow and Lymph flow: Beck (2006), states that “Clinical massage affects the quality and quantity of blood coursing through the circulatory system” (p. 299). He also states that that “both the lymphatic and venous circulation are accelerated by massage movements” (p. 717).
Muscle Tension: According to Salvo (2007) massage relieves muscular tension by increasing the blood flow in and around the muscle, and relaxes muscles by suppressing the sympathetic nervous system.
Connective Tissue: Massage softens fascia surrounding muscles, “allowing them to be stretched to their fullest resting length thereby increasing joint range of motion and freeing the body of restricted movements” (Salvo, 2007, p. 92). It may also promote healing of bone fractures and reduce formation of scar tissue and adhesions (Salvo, 2007).
Sleep patterns: Fritz (2009) indicates that massage can promote a deeper, more restful sleep. It increases release of serotonins, and other mood regulating neurochemicals. A parasympathetic dominance of the ANS promotes ideal internal sleep conditions.
Digestion: Stimulation of PNS during massage returns digestion to a balanced state. This also increases peristaltic activity in the colon, aiding elimination of wastes, potentially relieving constipation and other digestive disorders (Salvo, 2007).
“Blood pressure is decreased by blood vessel dilation” (Salvo, 2007, p. 89). Massage can increase blood flow by causing dilation of blood vessels.
Pain:
… massage provides pleasurable stimulation that is carried to the brain on
thicker, faster, more numerous fibres that actually override or drown out the
pain signals. Even though the diversion is temporary, it gives the
individual a chance to relax and disassociate with the noxious stimulus possibly
long enough to shut down the fight or flight reaction (Beck, 2006, p. 63).
“… massage also reduces the sensation of pain by increasing the concentration of endorphins… and other pain reducing neurochemicals in the central nervous system and blood stream” (Beck, 2006, p. 299).
Some effects of massage strokes are subjective (feelings and emotions). These vary based on individual experiences and personal bias. I believe the following areas affected by massage are subjective, and are therefore hard to measure as an absolute truth. However, some chemical changes in the body (such as increased serotonin levels) can support claims of psychological effects that are widely reported and warrant credit and value.
Mood: Massage can reduce muscle tension, stress, depression, fatigue and improve self esteem and body image. This may result in improved mood and general feeling of well-being.
Concentration: Tests results show that massage can improve, alertness and mental performance. “Increased speed and accuracy on maths calculations after 15 minute chair massage” (Class notes Elluminate 26/03/09 – Field, Ironson, et al, 1996)
Satiety: Feelings of contentment and satisfaction may be enhanced by massage. It can meet our psychological and physical need for attention, acceptance and nurturing touch. Increased levels of dopamine and serotonin released during massage lead to an improved mood and increased satiety. (Class notes from Elluminate 26/03/09)
Bonding: According to studies, oxytocin is connected to the ability to bond and form healthy relationships with other people. Tests showed levels of oxytocin may increase while receiving Swedish massage. (Oxytocin.org, 1999).
References:
Beck, M.(2006). Theory and practice of therapeutic massage (4th ed.) New York, Thompson Delmar Learning
Class notes
Hormone involved in reproduction may have role in the maintenance of relationships, (1999, July 14).. Retrieved April 01, 2009, from http://www.oxytocin.org/oxytoc/index.html
Marieb, E (1998). Human anatomy and physiology (4th ed.) Menlo Park, California. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing
Salvo, S (2007). Massage therapy principles and practice (3rd ed), St Louis. Missouri, Saunders, Elsevier
Saturday, March 7, 2009
The Story of Stuff continued...
I'm going to refer back to Chris's comments regarding the "tree hugging greenie" presenter of The Story of Stuff.
I agree with Chris that she made sweeping statements and didn't provide anything scientific to back up her accusations of where, how and why things were made. Her comments were fairly inflammatory, which is evident by the blog responses we have made. However, we need to take a step back and consider the purpose behind the method the producers used when making it.
In media, they recognise that they have to be creative to capture and hold our attention. In The Story of Stuff, the animation was creative and entertaining, and the way she seemed to almost interact with it was clever, so this is one area in which they succeeded to hold our attention. If she had droned on and explained every claim, we would have switched off fairly quickly, regardless of how cute the drawings looked. In order to give the clip some scientific credibility she could have quickly referenced her claims by saying something like "...as discovered by researchers at Otago University". However, as the purpose of the clip seemed to be more about being provocative and challenging, rather than scientifically educational, to quantify everything would have changed the format and therefore they would have lost their target audience. (My interpretation of their target audience is your average "Joe Bloggs" - wanting to be entertained and informed, but not wanting to be bogged down by details.)
We all have some awareness of what is happening to our world, even if it just a passing comment that the summers/winters are so different from what they were when we were kids (well for some of us older students anyway...), and this is what the producers are counting on. Viewing clips like The Story of Stuff remind us to consider the consequences of our actions, other than our own "spiritual and ego satisfaction". If everyone who watches the clip happens to get a friend to watch it, hesitates when shopping and chooses a Fair Trade product instead of a mass produced commerical item, or just drops their recyclable items in the recycle bin instead of the rubbish bin, haven't the producers of The Story of Stuff have achieved their purpose??
I agree with Chris that she made sweeping statements and didn't provide anything scientific to back up her accusations of where, how and why things were made. Her comments were fairly inflammatory, which is evident by the blog responses we have made. However, we need to take a step back and consider the purpose behind the method the producers used when making it.
In media, they recognise that they have to be creative to capture and hold our attention. In The Story of Stuff, the animation was creative and entertaining, and the way she seemed to almost interact with it was clever, so this is one area in which they succeeded to hold our attention. If she had droned on and explained every claim, we would have switched off fairly quickly, regardless of how cute the drawings looked. In order to give the clip some scientific credibility she could have quickly referenced her claims by saying something like "...as discovered by researchers at Otago University". However, as the purpose of the clip seemed to be more about being provocative and challenging, rather than scientifically educational, to quantify everything would have changed the format and therefore they would have lost their target audience. (My interpretation of their target audience is your average "Joe Bloggs" - wanting to be entertained and informed, but not wanting to be bogged down by details.)
We all have some awareness of what is happening to our world, even if it just a passing comment that the summers/winters are so different from what they were when we were kids (well for some of us older students anyway...), and this is what the producers are counting on. Viewing clips like The Story of Stuff remind us to consider the consequences of our actions, other than our own "spiritual and ego satisfaction". If everyone who watches the clip happens to get a friend to watch it, hesitates when shopping and chooses a Fair Trade product instead of a mass produced commerical item, or just drops their recyclable items in the recycle bin instead of the rubbish bin, haven't the producers of The Story of Stuff have achieved their purpose??
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The Story of Stuff
Hi Everyone
I agree with the previous blog comments.
Although I felt the presentation was a little idealistic (though cleverly presented), this is where great ideas and change start. You have to make it interesting and appealing to capture and maintain the viewers interest. After viewing the presentation I had a look around where we live and at all the forms of advertising we are bombarded with.
Do you notice how advertisers load the pressure on us as consumers (especially TV with the bonus of sight and sound. How much louder are the ads when compared to the programmes?) - "buy now", "don't miss out", sure you can't afford it so "pay later". This is where I related to the narrators quote about the American encouraging people to find their spiritual and ego satisfaction in consumption. Have you ever tried doing the 40 Hour Famine while watching TV - How many food ads alone are played in a 1 hour segment??? It's self inflicted torture! Not to mention womens magazines loaded with fashion and weight loss tips and "must have" items. I am guilty of buying into that in the past, but unfortunately, or is that fortunately, my financial situation dictated a change in my consumer habits and started opening my eyes to what is really important.
Then parenting changes your opinions and priorities even further. The return to the availablilty of organic products and natural fibres has become a higher priority in order to reduce the amount of toxins we expose our loved ones to. The accumulative effects of untested chemicals on the body is more than just a little frightening when you see how many kids have debilitating allergies these days. These organic items were previously known as "home grown" and therefore classed as embarrassing and undesirable to the young children who were watching increasing amounts of TV and believing that bought is best. Even though today it is usually more expensive to purchase organic items when compared to mass produced or chemically altered items, at least they are available and consumer demand is the most powerful tool in dictating change.. This is how the planet got to this point in the first place. It is possible to reverse the tide, but is it possible to reverse the damage?
I am certainly not what you would call a "greenie" and am extremely guilty of finding my own spiritual and ego satisfaction from the purchase of unnecessary items because they make me feel good or up-to-date, or because it is quicker, easier and cheaper. But as time passes and (hopefully) wisdom grows, the bigger picture of what we are doing to the planet, either directly or indirectly, is frightening and many of us choose not to think of it because it is too hard to comprehend. If we did, we would stop reproducing as who would want to force our children to live in the environment that is forecast if we can't stop the destruction. We need to treat the earth as if we are borrowing it from our children, not leaving it for them to inherit.
In NZ we are so very lucky as we are fairly isolated from the worst of the over producing and over crowding and therefore over consuming seen in many parts of the world. New Zealanders have spearheaded change in many ways in the past, so there is hope that we can continue to be a positive influence on the rest of the world.
I think that is enough ranting for one day - lol :-)
Suz
I agree with the previous blog comments.
Although I felt the presentation was a little idealistic (though cleverly presented), this is where great ideas and change start. You have to make it interesting and appealing to capture and maintain the viewers interest. After viewing the presentation I had a look around where we live and at all the forms of advertising we are bombarded with.
Do you notice how advertisers load the pressure on us as consumers (especially TV with the bonus of sight and sound. How much louder are the ads when compared to the programmes?) - "buy now", "don't miss out", sure you can't afford it so "pay later". This is where I related to the narrators quote about the American encouraging people to find their spiritual and ego satisfaction in consumption. Have you ever tried doing the 40 Hour Famine while watching TV - How many food ads alone are played in a 1 hour segment??? It's self inflicted torture! Not to mention womens magazines loaded with fashion and weight loss tips and "must have" items. I am guilty of buying into that in the past, but unfortunately, or is that fortunately, my financial situation dictated a change in my consumer habits and started opening my eyes to what is really important.
Then parenting changes your opinions and priorities even further. The return to the availablilty of organic products and natural fibres has become a higher priority in order to reduce the amount of toxins we expose our loved ones to. The accumulative effects of untested chemicals on the body is more than just a little frightening when you see how many kids have debilitating allergies these days. These organic items were previously known as "home grown" and therefore classed as embarrassing and undesirable to the young children who were watching increasing amounts of TV and believing that bought is best. Even though today it is usually more expensive to purchase organic items when compared to mass produced or chemically altered items, at least they are available and consumer demand is the most powerful tool in dictating change.. This is how the planet got to this point in the first place. It is possible to reverse the tide, but is it possible to reverse the damage?
I am certainly not what you would call a "greenie" and am extremely guilty of finding my own spiritual and ego satisfaction from the purchase of unnecessary items because they make me feel good or up-to-date, or because it is quicker, easier and cheaper. But as time passes and (hopefully) wisdom grows, the bigger picture of what we are doing to the planet, either directly or indirectly, is frightening and many of us choose not to think of it because it is too hard to comprehend. If we did, we would stop reproducing as who would want to force our children to live in the environment that is forecast if we can't stop the destruction. We need to treat the earth as if we are borrowing it from our children, not leaving it for them to inherit.
In NZ we are so very lucky as we are fairly isolated from the worst of the over producing and over crowding and therefore over consuming seen in many parts of the world. New Zealanders have spearheaded change in many ways in the past, so there is hope that we can continue to be a positive influence on the rest of the world.
I think that is enough ranting for one day - lol :-)
Suz
Thursday, February 19, 2009
This is me!
Hi EveryoneI'm Suzanne (call me Suz if you like). I am originally from Dunedin and still live here with my husband and daughter. We lived in Australia for 5 years, which was an amazing time and one day I would like to return. My husband still works for an Australian company, so we never know what may happen in the future.
After many years of working in offices and receiving massage for the RSI I developed, and various sporting injuries, I was extremely fortunate to be offered the opportunity to be trained and begin giving massages within my own therapist's practice. This opened a whole new world for me and completely turned my life around. I felt I had found something I had been looking for, for a really long time. I am really excited to be a part of the course as I love massage and I love learning, and I can't wait to try out new ideas and see how it changes and/or reinforces what I am currently doing with my own massage technique and style.
Some of my favourite things to do include ice skating (yes - even competing in one of "those" outfits), going to the movies -"chick-flicks" are my thing, reading, listening to music and hanging out with my family.
One of my long term goals is to work in an environment where the whole body can be addressed by complementary treatments (chiro, osteo, physio, etc) all working within the one practice. I think this would be an amazing place to be, as there would be a very strong continuity of care for the client and a good support network for the practitioners.
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